Advances in surgical techniques, instrumentation, and vitreous substitutes over the past few decades have greatly improved the anatomical and functional success of vitreoretinal surgery. Intraocular gases are the most common type of tamponade used in vitreoretinal surgery and they are indispensable for that purpose. A thorough understanding of the properties, indications, and potential complications of intraocular gases is therefore essential to optimizing the outcomes. This article reviews the properties, indications, and complications associated with commonly used intraocular gases in vitreoretinal surgery.